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BIBLE
MYTHS. —————— INDEX OF FIGURES |
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THE CREATION AND FALL OF MAN. 09 The cuneiform inscriptions relating to the Babylonian legend of the Creation and Fall of Man, which have been discovered by English archaeologists, are not, however, complete. The portions which relate to the Tree and Serpent have not been found, but Babylonian gem engravings show that these incidents were evidently a part of the original legend. 1 The Tree of Life in the Genesis account appears to correspond with the sacred grove of Aim, which was guarded by a sword turning to all the four points of the compass. 2 A representation of this Sacred Tree, with “ attendant cherubim ” copied from an Assyrian cylinder, may be seen in Mr. George Smith’s “ Chaldean Account of Genesis.” 3 ![]() Figure No. 1, which we have taken from the same work, 4 shows the tree of knowledge, fruit, and the serpent. Mr. Smith says of it: “One striking and important specimen of early type in the British Museum collection, has two figures sitting one on each side of a tree, holding out their hands to the fruit, while at the back of one (the woman) is scratched a serpent. We know well that in these early sculptures none of these figures were chance devices, but all represented events, or supposed events, and figures in their legends; thus it is evident that a form of the story of the Fall, similar to that of Genesis, was known in early times in Babylonia.” 5 1 Mr. Smith says, “ Whatever the primitive account may have been from which the earlier part of the Book of Genesis was copied, it is evident that the brief narration given in the Pentatench omits a number of incidents and explanations— for instance, as to the origin of evil, the fall of the angels, the wickedness of the serpent &c. Such points as these are included in the cuneiform narrative.” (Smith: Chaldean Account of Genesis, pp. 13, 14.)This illustration might be used to illustrate the narrative of Genesis, and as Friedrich Delitzsch has remarked (George Smith’s Chaldäische Genesis) is capable of no other explanation. M. Renan (Hibbert Lectures), does not hesitate to join forces with the ancient commentators, in seeking to recover a trace of the same tradition among the Phenicians in the fragments of Sanchoniathon, translated into Greek by Philo of Byblos. In fact, it is there said, in speaking of the first human pair, and of Æon, which seems to be the translation of Havvâh (in Phenician Havâth) and stands in her relation to the other members of the pair, that this personage “ has found out how to obtain nourishment from the fruits of the tree.” (Page) 16 BIBLE MYTHS. Mr. Franklin, in his “ Buddhists and Jeynes,” says: “ A striking instance is recorded by the very intelligent traveler (Wilson), regarding a representation of the Fall of our first parents, sculptured in the magnificent temple of Ipsambul, in Nubia. He says that a very exact representation of Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden is to be seen in that cave, and that the Serpent climbing round the tree is especially delineated, and the whole subject of the tempting of our first parents most accurately exhibited.” t t Quoted by Higgins: Anacalypsis, vol. i. p. 406.Nearly the same thing was found by Colonel Coombs in the South of India. Colonel Tod, in his “ Hist. Rajapoutana,” says: “ A drawing, brought by Colonel Coombs from a sculptured column in a cave ‘ ——— his words, replete with guile, Into her heart too easy entrance won: Fixed on the fruit she gazed.’ ” “ This is a curious subject to be engraved on an ancient Pagan temple.” u u Tod’s Hist. Raj., p. 581, quoted by Higgins: Anacalypsis, vol. i. p. 404.So the Colonel thought, no doubt, but it is not so very curious after all. It is the same myth which we have found— with but such small variations only as time and circumstances may be expected to produce — among different nations, in both the Old and New Worlds. |
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Fig.
No. 2,
taken from the
work of Montfaucon, v
represents one of these
ancient Pagan sculptures.
Can any one doubt that
it is allusive to the myth
of which we have been
treating in this chapter?
v L’Antiquité Expliquée,  vol. i.  That man was originally created a perfect being, and is now only a fallen and broken remnant of what he once was, we have seen to be a piece of mythology, not only unfounded in fact, but, beyond intelligent question, proved untrue. What, then, is the significance of the exposure of this myth? What does its loss as a scientific fact, and as a portion of Christian dogma, imply? It implies that with it— although many Christian divines who admit this to be a legend, do not, or do not profess, to see it— must fall the whole Orthodox scheme, for upon this MYTH the theology of Christendom is built. (Page) 70 CHAPTER VIII. |
![]() Fig. No. 3, is a representation of Hercules with the two posts or pillars on his shoulders. ![]() |
| (Page 75)
Fig. No. 4,
is from an ancient representation of Hercules in conflict with the lion, taken from Gorio. CHAPTER IX. JONAH SWALLOWED BY A BIG FISH. (Page 83) Fig. No. 5, is a representation of Dagon, intended to illustrate a creature half or, perhaps, a man emerging from a fish’s mouth. It is taken from Layard. ![]() |
Dagon
was sometimes represented
as a man
emerging from
a
fish’s mouth,
and sometimes as
half9 See Inman’s Ancient Faiths, vol. i. p. 111.The Philistines worshiped Dagon, and in Babylonian Mythology Odakon is applied to a fish 11 See Smith’s Dictionary of the Bible, and Chamber’s Encyclo., article “Dagon.” in both.On the coins of Ascalon, where she was held in great honor, the goddess Derceto or Atergatis is represented as a woman with her lower extremities like a fish. This is Semiramis, who appeared at Joppa as a mermaid. She is simply a personification of the Moon, who follows the course of the Sun. At times she manifests herself to the eyes of men, at others she seeks concealment in the Western flood. 12 12 See Baring-Gould’s Curious Myths.The Sun-god Phoibos traverses the sea in the form of a fish, and imparts lessons of wisdom and goodness when he has come forth from the green depths. All these powers or qualities are shared by Proteus in Hellenic story, as well as by the fish 13 See Cox Aryan Mythology, vol. ii. p. 26.In the Iliad and Odyssey, Atlas is brought into close connection with Helios, the bright god, the Latin Sol, and our Sun. In these poems he rises every morning from a beautiful lake by the deep The ancient Mexicans and Peruvians had likewise semi 14 Ibid, p. 38.Jonah then, is like these other personages, in so far as they are all personifications of the Sun; they all come out of the sea; they are all represented as a man emerging from a fish’s mouth; and they are all benefactors of mankind. We believe, therefore, that it is one and the same myth, whether Oannes, Joannes, or Jonas, 16 differing to a certain extent among different nations, just as we find to be the case with other legends. This we have just seen illustrated in the story of “ Little Red Riding 16 Since writing the above we find that Mr. Bryant, in his “Analysis of Ancient Mythology” (vol. ii. p. 291), speaking of the mystical nature of the name John, which is the same as Jonah, says: “ The prophet who was sent upon an embassy to the Ninevites, is styled Ionas: a title probably bestowed upon him as a messenger of the Deity. The great Patriarch who preached righteousness to the Antediluvians, is styled Oan and Oannes, which is the same as Jonah.” (Page) 84 JONAH SWALLOWED BY A BIG FISH. ![]() Fig. No. 6, 17 is a representation of the Indian Avatar of Yishnou, coming forth from the fish. 17 From Maurice: Hist. Hindostan, vol. i. p. 495. ![]() (Page) 186 width=411, height=532, 38kb ![]() (Page) 186 width=207 height=265, 27kb ![]() (Page) 187 width=191, height=248, 22kb ![]() (Page) 187 width=195, height=239, 26kb ![]() (Page) 194 width=431, height=527, 23XXXkb ![]() (Page) 204 width=959, height=370, 22kb ![]() (Page) 326 width=399, height=489, 26kb ![]() (Page) 329 width=379, height=469, 36kb ![]() (Page) 331 width=399, height=522, 29kb ![]() (Page) 331 width=259, height=476, 18kb ![]() (Page) 336 width=411, height=490, 22kb ![]() (Page) 340 width=223, height=282, 24kb ![]() (Page) 340 width=496, height=720, 22kb ![]() (Page) 341 width=195, height=306, 29kb ![]() (Page) 342 width=251, height=279, 30kb ![]() (Page) 342 width=131, height=215, 14kb ![]() (Page) 344 Width=452, height=720, 20kb ![]() (Page) 344 Width=959, height=621, 79kb ![]() (Page) 344 Width=509, height=720, 21kb ![]() (Page) 348 Width=457, height=720, 18kb ![]() (Page) 350 Width=275, height=720, 19kb ![]() (Page) 352 Width=547, height=720, 17kb ![]() (Page) 353 Width=535, height=720, 19kb ![]() (Page) 354 Width=472, height=720, 21kb ![]() (Page) 371 Width=620, height=720, 44kb |
(Page) 484 BIBLE MYTHS. The story of the crucifixion of Prometheus was allegorical, for Prometheus was only a title of the SUN, expressing providence or foresight, wherefore his being crucified in the extremities of the earth, signified originally no more than the restriction of the power of the SUN during the winter months. 7 Who was Ixion, bound on the wheel? He was none other than the god Sol, crucified in the heavens. 8 Whatever be the origin of the name, Ixion is the “Sun of noonday,” crucified in the heavens, whose four 1 See Chap. XX. The wheel upon which Ixion and criminals were said to have been extended was a cross, although the name of the thing was dissembled among Christians; it was a St. Andrew’s cross, of which two spokes confined the arms, and two the legs. (See |
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The
allegorical tales of
the triumphs and misfortunes of
the Sun Hercules is torn limb from limb; and in this catastrophe we see the blood Achilleus and Meleagros represent alike the short-lived Sun, whose course is one of toil for others, ending in an early death, after a series of wonderful victories alternating with periods of darkness and gloom. 2 1 Cox: Tales of Ancient Greece, p. xxxii.In the tales of the Trojan war, it is related of Achilleus that he expires at the Skaian, or western gates of the evening. He is slain by Paris, who here appears as the Pani, or dark power, who blots out the light of the Sun from the heaven. 3 3 “ That the story of the Trojan war is almost wholly mythical, has been conceded even by the stoutest champions of Homeric unity.” (Rev. G. W. Cox.)We have also the story of Adonis, born of a virgin, and known in the countries where he was worshiped as “ The Saviour of Mankind,” killed by the wild boar, afterwards “ rose from the dead, and ascended into heaven.” This Adonis, Adonai— in Hebrew “ My Lord ”— is simply the Sun. He is crucified in the heavens, put to death by the wild boar, i.e., Winter. “ Babylon called Typhon or Winter the boar; they said he killed Adonis or the fertile Sun.” 4 The Crucified Dove worshiped by the ancients, was none other than the crucified Sun. Adonis was called the Dove. At the ceremonies in honor of his resurrection from the dead, the devotees said, “ Hail to the Dove! the Restorer of Light.” 5 Fig. No. 35 is the “Crucified Dove ” as described by Pindar, the great lyric poet of Greece, born about 522 B. C. 4 See Müller’s Science of Religion, p. 186. (Page) 486 BIBLE MYTHS. “ We read in Pindar, (says the author of a learned work entitled “Nimrod,”) of the venerable bird lynx bound to the wheel, and of the pretended punishment of Ixion. But this rotation was really no punishment, being, as Pindar saith, voluntary, and prepared by himself and for himself ; or if it was, it was appointed in derision of his false pretensions, whereby he gave himself out as the crucified spirit of the world ” “ The four spokes represent St. Andrew’s cross, adapted to the four limbs extended, and furnish perhaps the oldest profane allusion to the crucifixion. The same cross of St. Andrew was the Taw, which Ezekiel commands them to mark upon the foreheads of the faithful, as appears from all Israelitish coins whereon that letter is engraved. The same idea was familiar to Lucian, who calls T the letter of crucifixion. Certainly, the veneration for the cross is very ancient. Lynx, the bird of Mautic inspiration, bound to the four- 1 Nimrod: vol. i. p. 278. in Anacalypsis, i. p. 503. |
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![]() (Page) 520 width=485, height=720, 19kb (Page) 520 width=445, height=720, 21kb INTRODUCTION page iii. INDEX of Subjects. Martian Visitor ( Home ) |